Engine analysis
Newton's Third Law
Sir Isaac Newton's Third Law of Motion states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. When describing rockets, this law is very important. Newton's third law explains the generation of thrust by the engine of the rocket. For the rocket to accelerate away from the Earth, it must create a force back on the Earth. When the chemicals, along with the electric charge ignite the engine, a reaction occurs. This causes gas to be pushed out the bottom of the rocket. The force that is pushing the gas out has an equal and opposite force acting on it. In order for the rocket to positively accelerate, the thrust must be greater than the inertia and weight (mass multiplied by gravity) that the rocket possesses sitting on the launch pad. However, according to Newton's Third Law, the forces are still balanced as the engine pushes forward and the gas or exhaust pushes back.
Sir Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton
E9-6 Engine
One engine that could be used for the Extreme 12 rocket is an E9-6. There are three components to this name. E,9, and 6.
--The E represents total impulse, or the total power of the engine in Newton-seconds. Each engine class (A,B,C, and so on with A being the weakest) is double the impulse of the class below it, so as you increase the class of an engine, you effectively double the amount of total power in it. An E engine has a thrust of 20.01–40.0 N·s.
--The first number following the letter stands for the average thrust of the engine in Newtons. The larger the number is, the faster the rocket will go. This engine will have an average thrust of 40.05lbs. since 1N = 4.45lbs and it has 9 total Newtons of average thrust.
--The final component indicates the time delay (seconds) between the thrust period and when the charge for the ejection is ignited. The delay for this engine would be 6 seconds.
--The E represents total impulse, or the total power of the engine in Newton-seconds. Each engine class (A,B,C, and so on with A being the weakest) is double the impulse of the class below it, so as you increase the class of an engine, you effectively double the amount of total power in it. An E engine has a thrust of 20.01–40.0 N·s.
--The first number following the letter stands for the average thrust of the engine in Newtons. The larger the number is, the faster the rocket will go. This engine will have an average thrust of 40.05lbs. since 1N = 4.45lbs and it has 9 total Newtons of average thrust.
--The final component indicates the time delay (seconds) between the thrust period and when the charge for the ejection is ignited. The delay for this engine would be 6 seconds.
Labeling an Impulse Curve
Engine Identification
Area = 8.31 N s
Mean = 3.33 N
Time Delay = 7.7000 s
This is a C6-7 rocket engine.
Area = 28.72 N s
Mean = 8.20 N
Time Delay = 6.1000 s
This is an E9-6 rocket engine.
Area = 8.78 N s
Mean = 3.82 N
Time Delay = 5.7000 s
This is a C6-5 rocket engine.
Wrong Engine Scenario = FAIL
Caroline purchased a D12-0 engine, a booster engine that should be used in a two stage rocket. The "0" indicates that there is not a delay between the thrust period and the ignition charge of the second stage engine. However, the Eggscaliber rocket is a single stage rocket, meaning the ignition will occur right away as the rocket is launching full speed off of the launch pad instead of having the delay time for the rocket to slow down. This will cause the parachute to rip out of the rocket, leading to a failed launch in which the rocket spirals downward and crashes.
Suitable Engines
My rocket is the Extreme 12.
Single Stage: D12-3, D12-5 (First Flight), E9-4, E9-6, E12-6
Two Stage: D12-0: D12-5 (First Flight), E9-6, E12-6
E12-0: D12-5 (First Flight), D12-7, E9-6, E12-6, E12-8
--The first engine, D12-3, and the last, E12-6, for single stage rockets are very different. The E12-6 is an E engine rather than a D engine meaning that it will have double the power of the first engine. This increase in power will cause the rocket to have a larger average thrust leading to an increase in altitude and time aloft.
--We launched our Extreme 12 rocket with a booster using an E9-6 and an E12-0 engine. To achieve the maximum altitude possible we used larger engines in our rocket in contrast to other rockets with D engines. These engines are listed in the acceptable list for this rocket and the launch went well for us.
Single Stage: D12-3, D12-5 (First Flight), E9-4, E9-6, E12-6
Two Stage: D12-0: D12-5 (First Flight), E9-6, E12-6
E12-0: D12-5 (First Flight), D12-7, E9-6, E12-6, E12-8
--The first engine, D12-3, and the last, E12-6, for single stage rockets are very different. The E12-6 is an E engine rather than a D engine meaning that it will have double the power of the first engine. This increase in power will cause the rocket to have a larger average thrust leading to an increase in altitude and time aloft.
--We launched our Extreme 12 rocket with a booster using an E9-6 and an E12-0 engine. To achieve the maximum altitude possible we used larger engines in our rocket in contrast to other rockets with D engines. These engines are listed in the acceptable list for this rocket and the launch went well for us.